Chronology of the Qur'an or Koran (No. Q001B)

The Koranic account of the creations concurs with that of the Scriptures in that there were two creations. The first by God to which He summoned the sons of God under their Morning Stars to be present as we see from Job 38:4-7. For some reason the earth became tohu and bohu or without form and void (Gen. 1:1) and He sent the elohim under the archangel we now know as Jesus Christ the Messiah to recreate the earth and placed the Adamic creation on it, using His Holy Spirit.

He placed Satan as the Morning Star of this earth with the creation under His power and that of the Fallen Host. They sinned and corrupted the earth. Enoch stood as witness against them and ‘he was not’, for God took him for another purpose as he did also with Elijah under the kings of Israel. The earth had become corrupted in their DNA and they were no longer pure in their generation except for the line of the patriarchs under Noah.

God decided to wipe out the earth in its corruption and He instructed Noah to build an ark and He would destroy the earth by flood. The Koran records that Noah had a fourth son who refused to enter the ark with the family and he was killed in the flood, which began after the last patriarch Methuselah died.

After the flood the earth repopulated, from the three sons and their offspring. The society at Babel, speaking one language, became a threat to the plan of God and so they were confounded in language and scattered all over the world. Babylon remained as Satan’s seat on the plain of Shinar in what is now Iraq. They then fulfilled the First Forty Jubilees or two thousand years.

Phase II

At the commencement of the Middle period of the Bible Structure in the plan of Salvation after the flood ca 2000 BCE, Abraham was born and taken out of Ur of Chaldea by God and moved into the Levant. The time frame is covered in the text Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

In that area he took his nephew Lot. He gave Lot the choice of land and Lot chose the east bank of the Jordan Valley and he produced the Moabites and the Ammonites who adopted the worship of foreign gods, Chemosh and Remphan.

Abraham also produced Ishmael through Hagar the Egyptian and who quarrelled with Sarah over her production of a son. He resettled Ishmael among other sons that he had through the concubine Keturah who became his wife after Sarah died. Ishmael was resettled in the Beccan valley adjacent to Petra with the later settlements of the Qureysh some 27 miles east of Petra (cf Chronology of the Koran Part II: Becca and the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs (Q001D)).

The sons of Keturah settled Arabia and moved into Chaldea and on into what is now Greece where they became the Spartans of Laconia.

His son from Sarah named Isaac remained with him and took his inheritance of the future land of Israel from what became Dan to Beersheba, which was the Well of the Oath sworn by Abraham. Isaac took his inheritance from his brother Esau, who sold his birthright, and established a kingdom from the hill country east of the Dead or Salt Sea with their capital at Petra and their trading alliance with the Amalekites to the east into Arabia.

To the south of them were the Midianites. Midian was also a son of Keturah. They extended from the Gulf of Aqaba to the east. They maintained a closer affinity to the faith of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob than did the sons of Lot and the other Arabs at that time.

The covenant with Abraham involved the circumcision of his sons (cf. Genesis 22, Judaism, Islam and the Sacrifice of Isaac (No. 244)).

The Sabbath was also tied to the covenant in both Judeo-Christianity in the Scriptures and in the Koran (cf. S4:154; see also The Sabbath in the Koran (No. 274)).

Jacob’s sons sold their younger brother Joseph into the hands of traders, who were men from these other tribes descended from Abraham, out of jealousy. They were both Midianites and Ishmaelite traders (Gen. 37:17 - 39:1). They took Joseph to Egypt where he went from a young slave to become viceroy of Egypt. He saved Egypt from the consequences of a great famine of seven years which appears to have spread all over the Middle East and Asia (from our current records).

In the time of the great famine Jacob sent his sons to Egypt to buy grain and they became reunited with Joseph under the circumstances recorded in Genesis. The family were persuaded to move to Egypt and they went down as seventy souls.

The descendants of Abraham are listed in the papers as follows:

Sons of Shem: Part I (No.212A)

Descendants of Abraham Part II: Lot, Moab, Ammon and Esau (No.212B)

Descendants of Abraham Part III: Ishmael (No.212C)

Descendants of Abraham Part IV: Sons of Keturah (No.212D)

Descendants of Abraham Part V: Judah (No.212E)

Descendants of Abraham Part VI: Israel (No.212F)

Descendants of Shem Part VII: Charts for P212A-212F (No.212G)

The consolidation of Israel under God

After Joseph had died and a long time later the Israelites were made captive in Egypt and put into bondage. As a result of the Egyptian attempts to kill the male children, the child Moses was saved and by divine intervention became a member of the house of Pharaoh and was raised as an Egyptian prince. When he was forty years of age he was exposed and forced to flee to Midian. There he met Jethro priest of Midian and was taught the history of his people and the faith of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. He was given Jethro’s daughter Zipporah to wife and had sons by her.

He had previously married a Cushite Nubian woman whose father was king at the fortress on the Nile. He did not take her into Midian and appears to have put her aside.

In that time Moses wrote the first book which was the story of the prophet Job. The book involved the creation of the Earth by God and the structure of the Sons of God and the position of Satan in the structure and the testing of Job,

At the end of Forty years in Midian, the Angel of Yahovah, whom we now know became Jesus Christ (Acts 7:30-43; 1Cor. 10:4), appeared to him and sent him into Egypt to bring Israel out as the people of God and he was instructed to take them to the promised land which was then the land of Canaan and of the Amorites and Jebusites and of the Philistines on the coast in five cities.

After great plagues and conflict, the Israelites were taken out of Egypt under the protection of the Great Angel at the First Passover and they went to Sinai via the Red Sea where Pharaoh’s forces were destroyed.

At Sinai Moses and Israel were given the Law of God and the instructions for the faith and the worship of God including the food laws and the regulation of God’s People (see Ascents of Moses (No. 070)). From this period the prophets and the priesthood were set forth and the system of worship of the One True God Eloah or Elahh was set in train. From this time forward the religion of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob was set in Israel as the responsible religious authority.

The Angel of the Presence, who became Jesus Christ, met Israel at Jericho when they were circumcised before going into the promised land (see the paper Fall of Jericho (No. 142)).

The Sun and Mystery Cults

From the Sumerian system, and the Tower of Babel and the rise of Babylon, the Sun and Mystery cults arose in the Middle East from Assyria and Chaldea and spread East into the Indus and South and South East into the Levant, Egypt and Arabia, and from there spread around the world. The system of Baal and Easter (or Ashtoreth/Ishtar) and the Mother Goddess system are explained in the work Mysticism (No. B7_1 ff).

Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed by the Angelic Host on direction of God when the Sons of God removed Lot from Sodom. With the spread of the horrors of the system to Arabia they corrupted the A’ad and the prophet Hud was sent to them. They did not repent and were destroyed. Then the Thamud replaced the A’ad at Al Hijr and Salih was sent to them, but they also did not repent and were destroyed. After them the Amalekites took over with the Ishmaelite tribes and what became the Qureysh at Mecca and they also were corrupted.

The sequence in Arabia then went to the Himyarites that became a Jewish kingdom at a later date and that sequence is explained in Surah 15 Al Hijr.

This religious system was to infect the Middle East to this very day and spread into Christianity in Europe.

We will explain the conflict in the sequence.

Idolatry in Arabia

While Israel was given the responsibility for the Torah and the Revelation of God through the prophets and the Canon of Scripture, the other offspring lapsed into idolatry and horrific practices of child sacrifice under the Sun and Mystery Cults of Baal worship.

Israel itself made the Golden Calf (No. 222) and wandered forty years in the wilderness, and in the Promised Land they lapsed into idolatry continuously and worshipped Moloch and lived under the star of the god Remphan which is the symbol of Judah to this day, and for which traditions they were carried into captivity beyond Babylon.

The Assyrians also had adopted idolatry and violence and God sent them the prophet Jonah and he preached to them three days and they repented after forty days. The Sign of Jonah is explained in the paper The Sign of Jonah and the History of the Reconstruction of the Temple (No. 013). The sequence of the Twelve Prophets is explained in the paper on The Twelve Prophets (No. 021).

Israel and the Prophets

God sent them prophets to warn them again and again and their testimonies were to become the written record of the Law and Testimony of God and the prophesy of the coming of the Messiah, who was to die to eradicate their sins and their debt to God in sin, which Christ nailed to the stake on which he was killed. This was in accordance with the Sign of Jonah (No. 013) which was to last also for forty Jubilees and which will end in 2027 at the 120^th Jubilee. The prophets are explained in the text of the Bible Canon.

Mecca

Ishmael developed Becca adjacent to Petra under the Qureysh as the centre of Baal Worship in Arabia as the worship of Hubal (The Lord) with the worship of the 360 gods of the Days, while his identity as Baal (or simply Lord) with the worship of the Goddess Easter (or Ishtar or Ashtoreth) was centred in Syria and the Levant generally, with the temple of the Goddess as Al Lat at Wadi Rum.

The Qureysh were also made responsible for the calendar under the Bani Kinana and they used the Babylonian Intercalations which were to corrupt the Jewish Calendar through Hillel II in 358 after they had been sent into dispersal from the Destruction of the Temple in 70 CE under the Sign of Jonah.

This idolatry has penetrated and plagued Judaism, Christianity and Islam for millennia. It will be destroyed everywhere at the end of the rule of Satan and the Mystery and Sun cults.

The Formation of the Church

The body of the Canon of Scripture built up to the Messiah as the means of salvation and the manner in which the Holy Spirit would be made available to mankind through the Church of God.

Messiah was called to his mission in the faith and was baptised by John the Baptist in 27 CE and the Holy Spirit was conferred on him by God which appeared in the form of a dove. He declared the acceptable year of the Lord or the Jubilee at Atonement 27 CE and then chose his apostles before the Passover of 28 CE. After the Passover of 28 CE John was baptising at Aenon near Salim and was imprisoned and then the Christ began his ministry for the two years to Passover 30 CE. He ordained the 70 and sent them out among the people. They returned before Passover 30 CE and reported that the demons were subject to them (Luke 10:1, 17). There were many people called and baptised at this time.

On 14 Abib 30 CE he instituted the Lord’s Supper (No 103) (see also Surah 5: The Table Spread) and before the 15^th he had been put into the tomb for the three days and three nights in accordance with the Sign of Jonah (No. 013) as Jonah was in the belly of the great fish (cf. the Timing of the Crucifixion and the Resurrection (No. 159)).

After he had been accepted as the Wave Sheaf No. 106B) at the throne of God (Revelation Chapter 5) he returned to the apostles in order to prepare them to receive the Holy Spirit at Pentecost 30 CE which God was to send to them at Jerusalem. He spent 40 days preparing them and he also went to the demons at Tartaros to announce that their salvation was available to them now (see The Forty Days Following Christ’s Resurrection (No. 159A)).

He ascended to heaven at the end of the 40 days and the trial of Judah began. They were given 40 years to repent and they did not repent. God sent Judah into captivity after the Roman Army surrounded Jerusalem on 1 Abib 70 CE (see War with Rome and the Fall of the Temple (No. 298)).

Dispersal of the Seventy

After receipt of the Holy Spirit the church was dispersed to their appointed locations. These locations were all recorded by the students of Polycarp and Polycrates from Smyrna at the prior instructions of the apostle John. The records of Hippolytus bishop of Ostia Antica is at Fate of the Twelve Apostles (No. 122B) and see also the Death of the Prophets and Saints (No. 122C).

The Seventy were sent to Rome and Milan and Gaul and into Britain and to the tribes abroad as far as India and Scythia and the Black Sea.

The apostle Peter was sent to Antioch where he appointed the bishops there and went into Parthia and the East and to the Lost Ten tribes. Paul went to Rome and the apostles were listed as follows:

Hippolytus ON The Twelve Apostles

Where Each OF Them Preached, And Where HE Met His End.

1. Peter preached the Gospel in Pontus, and Galatia, and Cappadocia, and Betania, and Italy, and Asia, and was afterwards crucified by Nero in Rome with his head downward, as he had himself desired to suffer in that manner.

2. Andrew preached to the Scythians and Thracians, and was crucified, suspended on an olive tree, at Patrae, a town of Achaia; and there too he was buried.

3. John, again, in Asia, was banished by Domitian the king to the isle of Patmos, in which also he wrote his Gospel and saw the apocalyptic vision; and in Trajan's time he fell asleep at Ephesus, where his remains were sought for, but could not be found.

[Trajan was emperor from 98- 117 CE ed.]

4. James, his brother, when preaching in Judea, was cut off with the sword by Herod the tetrarch, and was buried there.

5. Philip preached in Phrygia, and was crucified in Hierapolis with his head downward in the time of Domitian, and was buried there.

6. Bartholomew, again, preached to the Indians, to whom he also gave the Gospel according to Matthew, and was crucified with his head downward, and was buried in Allanum,¹⁴² a town of the great Armenia.¹⁴³

7. And Matthew wrote the Gospel in the Hebrew tongue,¹⁴⁴ and published it at Jerusalem, and fell asleep at Hierees, a town of Parthia.

8. And Thomas preached to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, Hyrcanians, Bactrians, and Margians,¹⁴⁵ and was thrust through in the four members of his body with a pine spears¹⁴⁶at Calamene,¹⁴⁷ the city of India, and was buried there.

9. And James the son of Alphaeus, when preaching in Jerusalem was stoned to death by the Jews, and was buried there beside the temple.

10. Jude, who is also called Lebbaeus, preached to the people of Edessa,¹⁴⁸ and to all Mesopotamia, and fell asleep at Berytus, and was buried there.

11. Simon the Zealot,¹⁴⁹ the son of Clophas, who is also called Jude, became bishop of Jerusalem after James the Just, and fell asleep and was buried there at the age of 120 years. [James, brother of Christ, was martyred in 63 CE, at the end of the 69 weeks of years of Daniel 9:25 and succeeded by Clophas (Cleopas) and immediately afterwards by Clophas’ son Simon who then took the church to Pella where it was safe from the destruction in Jerusalem in 70 CE. [The church returned to Jerusalem later. Cox. ed.]

12. And Matthias, who was one of the seventy, was numbered along with the eleven apostles, and preached in Jerusalem, and fell asleep and was buried there.

13. And Paul entered into the apostleship a year after the assumption of Christ; and beginning at Jerusalem, he advanced as far as Illyricum, and Italy, and Spain, preaching the Gospel for five-and-thirty years. And in the time of Nero he was beheaded at Rome, and was buried there.

The Seventy were sent all over the known world including Aristobulus who established the church in Britain. He appears to have left his family in Rome for some time from Paul’s comments.

Linus ap Caradog was sent to Rome as its first bishop working with Paul who went elsewhere as we see from his letters.

This is the record of Hippolytus:

The Same Hippolytus ON The Seventy Apostles.¹⁵⁰

1. James the Lord's brother,¹⁵¹ bishop of Jerusalem.

2. Cleopas, bishop of Jerusalem.

3. Matthias, who supplied the vacant place in the number of the twelve apostles.

4. Thaddeus, who conveyed the epistle to Augarus.

5. Ananias, who baptized Paul, and was bishop of Damascus.

6. Stephen, the first martyr.

7. Philip, who baptized the eunuch.

8. Prochorus, bishop of Nicomedia, who also was the first that departed,¹⁵² believing together with his daughters.

9. Nicanor died when Stephen was martyred.

10. Timon, bishop of Bostra.

11. Parmenas, bishop of Soli.

12. Nicolaus, bishop of Samaria.

13. Barnabas, bishop of Milan.

14. Mark the evangelist, bishop of Alexandria.

15. Luke the evangelist.

These two belonged to the seventy disciples who were scattered¹⁵³ by the offence of the word which Christ spoke, "Except a man eat my flesh, and drink my blood, he is not worthy of me."¹⁵⁴ But the one being induced to return to the Lord by Peter's instrumentality, and the other by Paul's, they were honoured to preach that Gospel¹⁵⁵ on account of which they also suffered martyrdom, the one being burned, and the other being crucified on an olive tree.

16. Silas, bishop of Corinth.

17. Silvanus, bishop of Thessalonica.

18. Crisces (Crescens), bishop of Carchedon in Gaul.

19. Epaenetus, bishop of Carthage.

20. Andronicus, bishop of Pannonia.

21. Amplias, bishop of Odyssus.

22. Urban, bishop of Macedonia.

23. Stachys, bishop of Byzantium.

24. Barnabas, bishop of Heraclea.

25. Phygellus, bishop of Ephesus. He was of the party also of Simon.¹⁵⁶

26. Hermogenes. He, too, was of the same mind with the former.

27. Demas, who also became a priest of idols.

28. Apelles, bishop of Smyrna.

29. Aristobulus, bishop of Britain.

30. Narcissus, bishop of Athens.

31. Herodion, bishop of Tarsus.

32. Agabus the prophet.

33. Rufus, bishop of Thebes.

34. Asyncritus, bishop of Hyrcania.

35. Phlegon, bishop of Marathon.

36. Hermes, bishop of Dalmatia.

37. Patrobulus,¹⁵⁷ bishop of Puteoli.

38. Hermas, bishop of Philippi.

39. Linus, bishop of Rome [son of Caradog of Britain Cox ed.].

40. Caius, bishop of Ephesus.

41. Philologus, bishop of Sinope.

42, 43. Olympus and Rhodion were martyred in Rome.

44. Lucius, bishop of Laodicea in Syria.

45. Jason, bishop of Tarsus.

46. Sosipater, bishop of Iconium.

47. Tertius, bishop of Iconium.

48. Erastus, bishop of Panellas.

49. Quartus, bishop of Berytus.

50. Apollo, bishop of Caesarea.

51. Cephas.¹⁵⁸

52. Sosthenes, bishop of Colophonia.

53. Tychicus, bishop of Colophonia.

54. Epaphroditus, bishop of Andriace.

55. Caesar, bishop of Dyrrachium.

56. Mark, cousin to Barnabas, bishop of Apollonia.

57. Justus, bishop of Eleutheropolis.

58. Artemas, bishop of Lystra.

59. Clement, bishop of Sardinia.

60. Onesiphorus, bishop of Corone.

61. Tychicus, bishop of Chalcedon.

62. Carpus, bishop of Berytus in Thrace.

63. Evodus, bishop of Antioch [appointed by Cephas].

64. Aristarchus, bishop of Apamea.

65. Mark, who is also John, bishop of Bibloupolis.

66. Zenas, bishop of Diospolis.

67. Philemon, bishop of Gaza.

68, 69. Aristarchus and Pudes.

70. Trophimus, who was martyred along with Paul.

Note the extensive missions of Peter and from the Bible texts and this and other records. He was not bishop of Rome but was responsible for the tribes of Israel through Parthia and the north and at Antioch.

Note the dispersal of the apostles here through the Middle East and into what is now Turkey at many locations and Syria (at Damascus as HQ) and beyond and down to Gaza and Egypt and Jerusalem. Also the church had been established in Abyssinia from the baptism of the servant of Candace of Ethiopia by Phillip (Acts 8:26-39).

(cf. also Establishment of the Church under the Seventy (No. 122D)).

The Dispersion of Judah

From 70 CE the Jews were dispersed and many spread throughout the Middle East and into Arabia. They also converted many Arabs to Judaism. The church also converted many Jews, Arabs and other people to Sabbatarian Christianity.

The Himyarite kingdom founded in the Second century became a Jewish Kingdom in the Fourth century as explained in Surah 15 Al Hijr. By the Fifth century they had expanded from their seat in Yemen to include Al Hijr and into the Persian Gulf and all over Arabia.

The Eastern Aramaic which had come from the Chaldean (which is also within the Bible Text) evolved into the Arabic and the first known text in Arabic was produced by the Christian Churches in Arabia around 470 CE under the Himyarites. The purpose was to get the Scriptures into the vernacular Arabic which until then was unwritten in a literary form. Christianity was widespread over Arabia and into Abyssinia as we know from history and archaeology. The Koran was a result of that process.

This emergence of Arabic in Christian material was in 470 CE some 100 years before the birth of the prophet Qasim in 570 CE. The date of his birth differs in the Sunni and Shia branches.

The first wife of the Prophet was Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (Arabic: خديجة بنت خويلد‎) or Khadījah al-Kubra (Khadijah the Great) 555 – 22 November 619 CE). She was 15 years older than the Prophet and died at Becca in 619, at 64 years of age, four years before the flight to Medinah in 622 CE. He was married to only her until her death. She was of a Jewish family that had long been converted to Christianity and she had been impressed by the honesty and reliability of the young Qasim, who worked for them, and she married him. Her uncle was also impressed by him and took him in hand and taught him how to read and write and taught him the faith from the Scriptures. The Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia is reported to have publicly acknowledged her Jewish family in 2018.

The Prophet was baptised a Sabbatarian Christian after his calling by God in 608 CE. He was visited by the Angel Gabriel in the cave at Hira (S096:1-5) in 611 CE and six months later he began his public mission with the First Public Surah (S074) when he was 41 years of age. He is recorded as stating that “there is no prophet that had not been a shepherd, I tended sheep as a boy.” He continued in the faith until he died on 8 June 632 CE at Medina at 62 years of age.

The education of the Prophet was over the entire OT and NT Scriptures, as is seen from the Koran itself. The claims that he was an Ebionite are thus impossible, as Ebionites used only the Gospel of Matthew and nothing else of the NT rejecting Paul completely, and were Judaisers. The Koran regularly relies on all of those NT texts and the writings of Luke and John as well (as Mark and Matthew), James and Peter are prolific.

There were some claim he was involved with the Nestorians before he became a Sabbatarian from the referenced name Abu Qasim and commenced his mission, but this is by no means certain or even probable. It is likely that it was a reference to his position as head of the church there by the lesser educated. The writings in the Koran are Sabbatarian Unitarian and precisely those of the Churches of God through the ages. They specifically reject Ditheism, Binitarianism and Trinitarianism of which it is particularly scathing (see also Index of Scriptures QC).

The Calling of the Prophet and the Revelation

It is generally accepted that the Prophet was called by God in 608 and began to be educated over the next three years. He was baptised as a Unitarian Sabbatarian and by 611 he was ready to commence the mission. In 611 the Angel Gabriel appeared to him at Hira and gave him the substance of what was the first Surah namely Surah 96:1-5. The first five verses show that the Prophet was taught by the pen to read and write that which he knew not. “The Clot” verses 6-19 were added subsequently and are an admonishment to judgment making 19 verses in total.

Six months later he was given the First Public Surah of his Mission which was Surah 74 “The Cloaked One.”

The tradition was that he again saw the Angel Gabriel who appeared to him on Mt Hira in the first instance and he wrapped himself in his cloak to be given this Second Message.

The sequence of the Surahs here follows the texts of the passage of authority to the church from the Jinn and then the Lord’s Supper (see also Surah 005: “The Table Spread”) and Passover which confers the Holy Spirit to the direct manifestation of the messages of God to the prophets of the church council.

The purpose of the Early Beccan Surahs was to provide insight to the basics of the faith. These primary texts were issued from 611 to 613. In 613 the First Hijrah occurred and the Surah 19 Maryam was issued so that the church in its flight to Abyssinia under the leadership of the Prophet’s cousin Jaffar could seek protection with the Sabbatarian Church in Abyssinia under the Negus or king there. The Commentary contains the records of the depositions there and the comments of the Negus.

We have divided the Surahs up into their categories of Revelation:

1. Very Early Beccan Surahs

2. Early Beccan Surahs

3. Middle Beccan Surahs

4. Later Beccan Surahs

5. Surahs AH Revealed at Medinah from 622 CE

These are accepted divisions by most scholars of Islam. The titles are listed in their original descriptions as Beccan Surahs and not Meccan as is now understood to be the case.

Very Early Beccan Surahs

611 CE Commencement of the Mission at Becca/Petra.

S96, S74. And then;

SS 68, 73, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106.

Surahs in Chronological Order by urls

Very Early Beccan Surahs

611 CE Commencement of the Mission at Becca.

96 The Clot Commentary on the Koran: Surah 96 (No. Q096)

74 The Cloaked One Commentary on the Koran: Surah 74 (No. Q074)

68 The Pen Commentary on the Koran: Surah 68 (No. Q068)

73 The One Wrapped in Garments Commentary on the Koran: Surah 73 (No. Q073)

89 Dawn Commentary on the Koran: Surah 89 (No. Q089)

90 The City Commentary on the Koran: Surah 90 (No. Q090)

91 The Sun Commentary on the Koran: Surah 91 (No. Q091)

92 The Night Commentary on the Koran: Surah 92 (No. Q092)

95 The Fig Commentary on the Koran: Surah 95 (No. Q095)

97 The Night of Decree Commentary on the Koran: Surah 97 (No. Q097)

99 The Earthquake Commentary on the Koran: Surah 99 (No. Q099)

100 Those That Run Commentary on the Koran: Surah 100 (No. Q100)

101 The Striking Hour Commentary on the Koran: Surah 101 (No. Q101)

102 Emulous Desire Commentary on the Koran: Surah 102 (No. Q102)

103 Time Commentary on the Koran: Surah 103 (No. Q103)

105 The Elephant Commentary on the Koran: Surah 105 (No. Q105)

106 The tribe of Qureysh Commentary on the Koran: Surah 106 (No. Q106)

All of these texts are basic introductory texts for the conditioning of the Beccans for the understanding of the faith in its early form. The structure of the faith was built up from these texts and even in their simple form they engendered persecution with the First Hijrah to Abyssinia by the church under Jaffar cousin of the Prophet in 613 CE.

Early Beccan Surahs

S019, and perhaps S020

The prayer Surah 001 was introduced sometime after the First Series but no one is sure as to the exact time.

SS 34, 35, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 70, 71, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 93, 94, 104, 107, 111, 112, 113, 114.

613 CE The First Hijrah to Abyssinia

019 Maryam Commentary on the Koran: Surah 19 (No. Q019)

The Early Beccan Surahs were for the purpose of explaining the structure of the throne and the place of God as the Most High or the Biblical Elyon and the Creator. The texts explain the place of Christ as the replacement Morning Star to remove and replace Satan at the end of his rule (cf. SS 86 and 87). So also were the Surahs 70-72 given to explain the progress of the creation from the Witness under Noah to the Sequence of the passage of the Jinn to the 72 as the church. Unless one has been baptised for repentance and has the Holy Spirit and a firm grasp on Scripture one has no chance of understanding the Koran.

020 (perhaps) Ta-Ha Commentary on the Koran: Surah 20 (No. Q020)

34 Sheba Commentary on the Koran: Surah 34 (No. Q034)

35 The Angels Commentary on the Koran: Surah 35 (No. Q035)

51 The Winnowing Winds Commentary on the Koran: Surah 51 (No. Q051)

52 The Mount Commentary on the Koran: Surah 52 (No. Q052)

53 The Star Commentary on the Koran: Surah 53 (No. Q053)

54 The Moon Commentary on the Koran: Surah 54 (No. Q054)

55 The Most Gracious Commentary on the Koran: Surah 55 (No. Q055)

56 The Event Commentary on the Koran: Surah 56 (No. Q056)

70 The Way of Ascent Commentary on the Koran: Surah 70 (No. Q070)

71 Noah Commentary on the Koran: Surah 71 (No. Q071)

75 The Resurrection Commentary on the Koran: Surah 75 (No. Q075)

76 Man or Time Commentary on the Koran: Surah 76 (No. Q076)

77 The Emissaries Commentary on the Koran: Surah 77 (No. Q077)

78 The Tidings Commentary on the Koran: Surah 78 (No. Q078)

79 Those Who Drag Forth Commentary on the Koran: Surah 78 (No. Q079)

80 He Frowned Commentary on the Koran: Surah 80 (No. Q080)

81 The Overthrowing Commentary on the Koran: Surah 81 (No. Q081)

82 The Cleaving Commentary on the Koran: Surah 82 (No. Q082)

83 Those Who Deal in Fraud Commentary on the Koran: Surah 83 (No. Q083)

84 The Splitting Asunder Commentary on the Koran: Surah 84 (No. Q084)

85 The Mansions of the Stars Commentary on the Koran: Surah 85 (No. Q085)

86 The Morning Star or Al Tarikh or the Night-Comer Commentary on the Koran: Surah 86 (No. Q086)

87 The Most High Commentary on the Koran: Surah 87 (No. Q087)

93 The Forenoon Commentary on the Koran: Surah 93 (No. Q093)

94 The Solace Commentary on the Koran: Surah 94 (No. Q094)

104 The Slanderer Commentary on the Koran: Surah 104 (No. Q104)

107 Small Kindnesses Commentary on the Koran: Surah 107 (No. Q107)

111 Palm Fibre Commentary on the Koran: Surah 111 (No. Q111)

112 The Unity Commentary on the Koran: Surah 112 (No. Q112)

113 The Daybreak Commentary on the Koran: Surah 113 (No. Q113)

114 Mankind Commentary on the Koran: Surah 114 (No. Q114

The faith was developed further with the Second series developing the theme of the First series.

Appendix 2: Scriptures and References for the Qur’an or Koran (QS2)

Appendix 3: Bibliography (QS3)

Middle Beccan Surahs

SS 30, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 67, 69,

015, 017 (- vv. 81 and 76-82), 018, 021, 025 (-v. 68-70 (AH)), 026 (-224-227 (AH)), 027, 031 (mid or last Beccan period –vv. 27-28 (AH)), 032.

Middle Beccan Surahs

30 The Romans Commentary on the Koran: Surah 30 (No. Q030)

36 Ya Sin Commentary on the Koran: Surah 36 (No. Q036)

37 Those Who Set The Ranks Commentary on the Koran: Surah 37 (No. Q037)

38 Sad (Saad) Commentary on the Koran: Surah 38 (No. Q038)

39 The Troops Commentary on the Koran: Surah 39 (No. Q039)

40 The Believers Commentary on the Koran: Surah 40 (No. Q040)

41 Fusilat Commentary on the Koran: Surah 41 (No. Q041)

42 Consultation Commentary on the Koran: Surah 42 (No. Q042)

43 The Gold Adornments Commentary on the Koran: Surah 43 (No. Q043)

44 The Smoke Commentary on the Koran: Surah 44 (No. Q044)

45 The Kneeling Commentary on the Koran: Surah 45 (No. Q045)

46 The Wind-curved Sandhills Commentary on the Koran: Surah 46 (No. Q046)

50 Qaf Commentary on the Koran: Surah 50 (No. Q050)

67 The Dominion Commentary on the Koran: Surah 67 (No. Q067)

69 The Reality Commentary on the Koran: Surah 69 (No. Q069)

015, 017 (- vv. 81 and 76-82)

015 Al-Hijr Commentary on the Koran: Surah 15 (No. Q015)

017 The Children of Israel or Night Journey Commentary on the Koran: Surah 17 (No. Q017)

018, 021, 025 (-v. 68-70 (AH))

018 The Cave Commentary on the Koran: Surah 18 (No. Q018)

021 The Prophets Commentary on the Koran: Surah 21 (No. Q021)

025 The Criterion Commentary on the Koran: Surah 25 (No. Q025)

026 (-224-227 (AH))

026 The Poets Commentary on the Koran: Surah 26 (No. Q026)

027, 031 (mid or last Beccan period –vv. 27-28 (AH))

027 The Ant Commentary on the Koran: Surah 27 (No. Q027)

031 Luqman Commentary on the Koran: Surah 31 (No. Q031)

032 The Prostration Commentary on the Koran: Surah 32 (No. Q032)

The Middle Beccan Series then began to deal further with the history of the Beccans and Arabs and their idolatry, which infuriated the Beccans and they rose to new heights of persecution.

The History of the church was also given here in Surah 18 The Cave and the 309 years of persecution and the end of that period with the appointment of Constantine as emperor at York in 309 CE and then the issue of the edict of Toleration in Milan.

This section emphasises the Dominion of God over His creation and the place of the Host in that creation.

Appendix 2: Scriptures and References for the Qur’an or Koran (QS2)

Appendix 3: Bibliography (QS3)

Late Beccan Surahs

SS 64 (Last year, 621or 2 or 1 AH),

72 (re the Jinn and ties back to 70 and 71 etc.).

006, 010 (+3vv. AH), 011(-v. 114), 012, 013, 014, 016 (-v. 110 + 2AH), 022 (much belongs to the Late Beccan Period but vv. 11-13. 25-30, 39-41 and 58-60 were reportedly from Madinah).

023, 028 (vv. 85 and 52-55 AH), 029).

Late Beccan Surahs

64 (Last year, 621 or 2 or 1 AH)

Mutual Loss and Gain Commentary on the Koran: Surah 64 (No. Q064)

72 (re the Jinn and ties back to 70 and 71 etc.)

The Jinn Commentary on the Koran: Surah 72 (No. Q072)

006, 010 (+3vv. AH), 011(-v. 114), 012, 013, 014, 016 (-v. 110 + 2AH), 022 (much belongs to the Late Beccan Period but vv. 11-13. 25-30, 39-41 and 58-60 were reportedly from Madinah).

006 Livestock Commentary on the Koran: Surah 6 (No. Q006)

010 Yunis or Jonah Commentary on the Koran: Surah 10 (No. Q010)

Hud Commentary on the Koran: Surah 11 (No. Q011)

Yusuf or Joseph Commentary on the Koran: Surah 12 (No. Q012)

The Thunder Commentary on the Koran: Surah 13 (No. Q013)

Ibrahim or Abraham Commentary on the Koran: Surah 14 (No. Q014)

The Bee Commentary on the Koran: Surah 16 (No. Q016)

The Pilgrimage Commentary on the Koran: Surah 22 (No. Q022)

023, 028 (vv. 85 and 52-55 AH),

023 The Believers Commentary on the Koran: Surah 23 (No. Q023)

028 The Narration Commentary on the Koran: Surah 28 (No. Q028)

029 The Spider Commentary on the Koran: Surah 29 (No. Q029)

Appendix 2: Scriptures and References for the Qur’an or Koran (QS2)

Appendix 3: Bibliography (QS3)

622 The Hijrah

The message to the Beccans fell on deaf ears and the church converts were persecuted and it increased until they had to flee to Al-Madinah in 622 CE. From Al-Madinah the church was forced to resort to arms and their success in battle forced the surrender of the Beccans and the surrounding tribal groups and Islam began to consolidate its theology and explanations of the faith. However it also filled the church with false converts from the pagan idolatrous systems for reasons of conquest.

The Biblical structure of the treatment of women began to develop along the lines of Biblical Law also. After going to Al-Madinah the Church dealt with the Jews also and their traditions and laws of Kashrut and the Hillel Calendar as the church under the Prophet did not follow Hillel and he kept the Day of Atonement on a different day to the Jews and Hillel. These matters are also dealt with in the papers on the Koran and the Sabbath in the Qur’an (No. 274) and the paper Hebrew and Islamic Calendar Reconciled (No. 053).

Surah 003 deals with the Food Laws and says that both Jews and Christians and Islam must keep the correct food laws laid down in Scripture (S3:93; cf. Lev. 11 and Deut. 14). It also refers to Becca in the text at S3:96. The church also tied the Sabbath to the Covenant of God at Surah 4:154 and there was never any suggestion that Sharia was ever contemplated (if such a thing existed at that time which is highly unlikely). Only the Laws of God were to be observed. Their understanding of the Covenant of God was as explained in the papers The Koran on the Bible, the Law. and the Covenant (No. 083); The Covenant of God (No. 152).

Revealed at Al -Madinah

SS 47 (1-2 AH), 98 (1 AH?), 002 (1-2 AH),

008 (2 AH), 003 (3-4 AH), 62 (2-4 AH),

004 (4 AH), 59 (4 AH), 63 (4 AH), 58 (4-5 AH), 65 (5-6 AH),

024 (5-6 AH),

33 (5-7 AH),

005 (5-10 AH), 48 (6 AH), 61 (6AH),

60 (8 AH)

57 (8-9 AH)

009 (9 AH)

49 (9 AH)

110 (10 AH)

It is not known with any certainty when SS 007 and 66 were given AH.

Revealed at Al -Madinah

47 (1-2 AH) Muhammad Commentary on the Koran: Surah 47 (No. Q047)

98 (1 AH?) The Clear Evidence Commentary on the Koran: Surah 98 (No. Q098)

002 (1-2 AH) The Heifer Commentary on the Koran: Surahs 1 and 2 (No. Q002)

008 (2 AH) The Spoils of War Commentary on the Koran: Surah 8 (No. Q008)

003 (3-4 AH) Family of Imran Commentary on the Koran: Surah 3 (No. Q003)

62 (2-4 AH) The Congregation Commentary on the Koran: Surah 62 (No. Q062)

004 (4 AH) Women Commentary on the Koran: Surah 4 (No. Q004)

59 (4AH) The Exile Commentary on the Koran: Surah 59 (No. Q059)

63 (4 AH) The Hypocrites Commentary on the Koran: Surah 63 (No. Q063)

58 (4-5 AH) The Woman that Disputes Commentary on the Koran: Surah 58 (No. Q058)

65 (5-6 AH) Divorce Commentary on the Koran: Surah 65 (No. Q065)

024 (5-6 AH) The Light Commentary on the Koran: Surah 24 (No. Q024)

33 (5-7 AH) The Clans Commentary on the Koran: Surah 33 (No. Q033)

005 (5-10 AH) The Feast or the Table Spread Commentary on the Koran: Surah 5 (No. Q005)

48 (6 AH) Victory Commentary on the Koran: Surah 48 (No. Q048)

61 (6 AH) The Ranks Commentary on the Koran: Surah 61 (No. Q061)

60 (8 AH) The Woman to be Examined Commentary on the Koran: Surah 60 (No. Q060)

57 (8-9 AH) Iron Commentary on the Koran: Surah 57 (No. Q057)

009 (9 AH) Repentance Commentary on the Koran: Surah 9 (No. Q009)

49 (9 AH) The Dwelling Commentary on the Koran: Surah 49 (No. Q049)

110 (10 AH) The Help Commentary on the Koran: Surah 110 (No. Q110)

It is not known when SS 007 and 66 were given AH.

007 The Heights Commentary on the Koran: Surah 7 (No. Q007)

066 The Prohibition Commentary on the Koran: Surah 66 (No. Q066)

Appendix 2: Scriptures and References for the Qur’an or Koran (QS2)

Appendix 3: Bibliography (QS3)

The Surahs given in Chronological order were not listed but rather given by the Prophet in Arabic poetic form and memorised and recorded for specific purposes. As was, for example, Surah 19 when it was taken to Abyssinia to prove the Sabbatarian Christianity of the church at Becca to the Sabbatarian Unitarian Churches there in Abyssinia. It was for that reason that the idolatrous Beccans argued that the church refugees were not true Christians because they were not Trinitarians, which argument the Negus rejected. They had argued that the refugees be sent back to Becca where they would be further persecuted.

The List of Surahs in Numerical Order :

was done in part to make a parable of the Koran. And it is highly likely that it was placed in that order for two reasons. It started with the prayer which was a later addition. Surah 2 “The Heifer” was written as the largest Surah because it explains the position of Jesus Christ as the High Priest of the Temple of God and the elect as the Temple and as a Kingdom of Priests after the order of Melchisedek as explained in the Book of Hebrews (F058). The Temple was sanctified by the Adamic or reddish heifer all of which pointed to the Christ in the sanctification of the Temple of God. It became the goldish heifer referring to the justification of the elect and their glorification as seen in the countenance of Moses at Sinai in talking with Christ. It outlined the plan of salvation.

Surah 3 explains the establishment of the Priesthood with Moses in Israel and the law and then goes on to the prophets and the Messiah through his birth from the Virgin and the establishment of the church. Surahs 2 and 3 are the two key papers with Surahs 4 and 5 explaining the place of women in the faith, which was the single greatest sin of the Arabs. The text then goes on to establish the Lord’s Supper as the Second Sacrament of the Faith. Surah 6 concerns the sheep of the People of God.

Each of the Surahs explain how the Resurrections are critical to Judgment and survival in the First and Second Resurrections and the Judgment. It is the single most important theme of the Koran. It is reinforced again and again that the Gardens of Paradise which was an ancient term for the Eden system are restored for the First Resurrection and the Millennium of a thousand years under Messiah; and then the Second Garden of Paradise in the Second Resurrection. If repentance is not forthcoming those that do not repent are allowed to die and are placed in the Lake of Fire and their bodies are burned and they are brought to mind no more.

Many Islamic scholars did not understand the Scriptures and one placed the time frame as five hundred years apart and many others had no idea of the duration at all, when the Bible is specific.

At the death of the Prophet the numerical sequence of the Koran was organised so that the theological structure was detailed, but the idolaters used the Hadith to destroy all understanding of the faith. They are now like asses laden with golden books understanding nothing. The same is applied to the Trinitarians who also are asses laden with golden books.

In the entire Koran or Qur’an untold thousands of Scriptures are referred to and many are referred to many times over. We are listing all of those in the texts and also in the Index of Scriptures below in QC.

List of Surahs in Numerical Order

Surah 1 The Opening; Surah 2 The Heifer

Commentary on the Koran: Surahs 1 and 2 (No. Q002)

Family of Imram Commentary on the Koran: Surah 3 (No. Q003)

Women Commentary on the Koran: Surah 4 (No. Q004)

The Feast or the Table Spread Commentary on the Koran: Surah 5 (No. Q005)

Livestock Commentary on the Koran: Surah 6 (No. Q006)

The Heights Commentary on the Koran: Surah 7 (No. Q007)

The Spoils of War Commentary on the Koran: Surah 8 (No. Q008)

Repentance etc Commentary on the Koran: Surah 9 (No. Q009)

Yunis or Jonah Commentary on the Koran: Surah 10 (No. Q010)

Hud Commentary on the Koran: Surah 11 (No. Q011)