Commentary on the Koran: Surah 31 (No. Q031)

Pickthall Translation; ESV used unless otherwise noted.

Introduction

Surah 31 Luqman takes its name from verse 12ff. The Arabs try to divorce the text from the Bible and attribute it to a black slave who was wise, and they then associate the slave and the wisdom of the Surah with Aesop’s fables (according to Pickthall and other scholars) and associate the two. The reality is that the text of Luqman associates with the Book of Luke and the message of the Gospel according to the apostle.

The text encourages the elect under persecution and has nothing to do with Greek fables.

The Surah was given in the latter stages of the Beccan persecution. The texts regarding the Resurrection from the dead at verses 27-28 are attributed to the post-Hijrah at Al Madinah from late 622CE. There seems to be little reason for the assertion given the context but let us examine the text. The Hadith will do anything to dissociate the texts from the Scriptures.

Refer also to the papers The Fate of the Twelve Apostles (No. 122B) and The Death of the Prophets and Saints (No. 122C).

31.1. Alif. Lam. Mim.

Isaiah 46:9-10 remember the former things of old; for I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me, ¹⁰declaring the end from the beginning and from ancient times things not yet done, saying, 'My counsel shall stand, and I will accomplish all my purpose,'

Hebrews 4:13 and no creature is hidden from his sight, but all are naked and exposed to the eyes of him to whom we must give account.

31.2. These are revelations of the wise Scripture,

31.3. A guidance and a mercy for the good,

31.4. Those who establish worship and pay the poor-due and have sure faith in the Hereafter.

31.5. Such have guidance from their Lord. Such are the successful.

The text refers to the Gospels and the proclamation of Jesus Christ after he had identified the Seventy [two] and ordained them and sent them out in Luke 10:1-16 and they had returned (in verse 17) and declared that even the demons were subject to them. The wise Scripture refers to the Gospels or Injeel of Christ and the authority conferred on the councils of the apostles and the elect (cf. esp. Matthew 25:2-9).

Luke 10:17-24 The seventy returned with joy, saying, "Lord, even the demons are subject to us in your name!" ¹⁸And he said to them, "I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. ¹⁹Behold, I have given you authority to tread upon serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy; and nothing shall hurt you ²⁰Nevertheless do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you; but rejoice that your names are written in heaven." ²¹In that same hour he rejoiced in the Holy Spirit and said, "I thank thee, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou hast hidden these things from the wise and understanding and revealed them to babes; yea, Father, for such was thy gracious will. ²²All things have been delivered to me by my Father; and no one knows who the Son is except the Father, or who the Father is except the Son and any one to whom the Son chooses to reveal him." ²³Then turning to the disciples he said privately, "Blessed are the eyes which see what you see! ²⁴For I tell you that many prophets and kings desired to see what you see, and did not see it, and to hear what you hear, and did not hear it."

Compare also 2Timothy 3:16-17 All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, ¹⁷that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.

Deuteronomy 29:29 The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things that are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law.

Romans 15:4 For whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction, that through endurance and through the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.

John 16:13 When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come.

Deuteronomy 7:9 Know therefore that the LORD your God is God, the faithful God who keeps covenant and steadfast love with those who love him and keep his commandments, to a thousand generations,

John 4:23 But the hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him.

Matthew 6:3-4 But when you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, ⁴so that your giving may be in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.

1Thessalonians 4:14 For since we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so, through Jesus, God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep.

1Corinthians 15:22-23 For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. ²³But each in his own order: Christ the firstfruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ.

31.6. And of mankind is he who payeth for mere pastime of discourse, that he may mislead from Allah's way without knowledge, and maketh it the butt of mockery. For such there is a shameful doom.

31.7. And when Our revelations are recited unto him he turneth away in pride as if he heard them not, as if there were a deafness in his ears. So give him tidings of a painful doom.

This evil process has been used by the false prophets for centuries, and the idolaters of the Hadith commenced it after the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs and the suppression of the Faith at the death of Ali and Hussein.

Isaiah 9:16 for those who guide this people have been leading them astray, and those who are guided by them are swallowed up.

Romans 1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.

Ephesians 5:6 Let no one deceive you with empty words, for because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience.

Mark 4:12 so that "they may indeed see but not perceive, and may indeed hear but not understand, lest they should turn and be forgiven."

31.8. Lo! those who believe and do good works, for them are the gardens of delight,

31.9. Wherein they will abide. It is a promise of Allah in truth. He is the Mighty, the Wise.

Revelation 20:6 Blessed and holy is the one who shares in the first resurrection! Over such the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they will reign with him for a thousand years.

1Peter 2:9 But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.

Psalm 18:30 This God—his way is perfect; the word of the LORD proves true; he is a shield for all those who take refuge in him.

Jude 1:25 to the only God, our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority, before all time and now and forever. Amen.

1Timothy 1:17 To the King of the ages, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.

31.10. He hath created the heavens without supports that ye can see, and hath cast into the earth firm hills, so that it quake not with you; and He hath dispersed therein all kinds of beasts. And We send down water from the sky and We cause (plants) of every goodly kind to grow therein.

31.11. This is the Creation of Allah. Now show me that which those (ye worship) beside Him have created. Nay, but the wrong-doers are in error manifest!

Psalm 104:3 He lays the beams of his chambers on the waters; he makes the clouds his chariot; he rides on the wings of the wind;

Amos 4:13 For behold, he who forms the mountains and creates the wind, and declares to man what is his thought, who makes the morning darkness, and treads on the heights of the earth— the LORD, the God of hosts, is his name!

Genesis 2:19 Now out of the ground the LORD God had formed every beast of the field and every bird of the heavens and brought them to the man to see what he would call them. And whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name.

Psalm 104:13-14 From your lofty abode you water the mountains; the earth is satisfied with the fruit of your work. ¹⁴You cause the grass to grow for the livestock and plants for man to cultivate, that he may bring forth food from the earth

Exodus 15:11 Who is like you, O LORD, among the gods? Who is like you, majestic in holiness, awesome in glorious deeds, doing wonders?

Psalm 146:5-6 Blessed is he whose help is the God of Jacob, whose hope is in the LORD his God, ⁶who made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, who keeps faith forever;

31.12. And verily We gave Luqman wisdom, saying: Give thanks unto Allah; and whosoever giveth thanks, he giveth thanks for (the good of) his soul. And whosoever refuseth - Lo! Allah is Absolute, Owner of Praise.

3.13. And (remember) when Luqman said unto his son, when he was exhorting him: O my dear son! Ascribe no partners unto Allah. Lo! to ascribe partners (unto Him) is a tremendous wrong –

The teachings of Christ, according to the Gospel of Luke, on the nature and word of God, are massive and the most extensive of the Gospels and must be studied from Luke 4:4 to the end in 24:53. It is no accident that Luke was referred to here. Luke was a trained physician and operated from Antioch and Philippi and may have been trained at Tarsus where he met Paul. The tradition (reported by the Interp. Dictionary of the Bible, art. “Luke” E.P. Black, pp. 179-180) states that the anti-Marcionite prologue to Luke states that he was never married and died aged 74 in Bythinia (some MSS Boetia), which was in NW Asia Minor adjoining the Lands of the Bosporus. He reportedly remained with Paul to the end and was with him when he wrote to Timothy (2Tim. 4:9) and so he was working with Paul, but this letter was concerning the work in Asia Minor. The references will be examined regarding Luke’s comments below. The reference to his son may refer to his trained church assistant or to an adopted son, or the anti-Marcionite work is written to serve another purpose. The traditions are many and varied according to Luke and the comment may be a post-Qur’anic work to damage the text.

Deuteronomy 10:13 To keep the commandments of the LORD, and his statutes, which I command thee this day for thy good? (KJV)

Micah 6:8 He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?

Ecclesiastes 12:13 The end of the matter; all has been heard. Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man.

1Kings 4:29 And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding beyond measure, and breadth of mind like the sand on the seashore,

31.14. And We have enjoined upon man concerning his partners - His mother beareth him in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years - Give thanks unto Me and unto thy parents. Unto Me is the journeying.

The texts are referring to the nature of God as One True God and the heresy of Binitarianism and Ditheism and the consequent Trinitarian structure of Triune pseudo-Christianity.

Psalm 139:13-14 For you formed my inward parts; you knitted me together in my mother's womb. ¹⁴I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful are your works; my soul knows it very well.

1Corinthians 1:27-28 But God chose what is foolish in the world to shame the wise; God chose what is weak in the world to shame the strong; ²⁸God chose what is low and despised in the world, even things that are not, to bring to nothing things that are,

1Thessalonians 5:18 give thanks in all circumstances; for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus for you.

Ephesians 5:20 giving thanks always and for everything to God the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ,

Ecclesiastes 12:7 and the dust returns to the earth as it was, and the spirit returns to God who gave it.

31.15. But if they strive with thee to make thee ascribe unto Me as partner that of which thou hast no knowledge, then obey them not. Consort with them in the world kindly, and follow the path of him who repenteth unto Me. Then unto Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what ye used to do –

The final persecutions by Beccan idolaters followed attempts to divert the Church away from Monotheism and the One True God (Jn. 17:3).

Proverbs 4:14 Do not enter the path of the wicked, and do not walk in the way of the evil.

Romans 16:17 I appeal to you, brothers, to watch out for those who cause divisions and create obstacles contrary to the doctrine that you have been taught; avoid them.

Philippians 2:15 That you may be blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish in the midst of a crooked and twisted generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world,

Hebrews 9:27 And just as it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment,

31.16. O my dear son! Lo! though it be but the weight of a grain of mustard-seed, and though it be in a rock, or in the heavens, or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Lo! Allah is Subtile, Aware.

Here the reference is to the elect as sons of God. The texts refer to the faith and Holy Spirit of the Kingdom of God as a grain of “Mustard Seed” spoken by Christ at Luke 13:19 and 17:6 (cf. also Mat. 13:31; 17:20; and Mk. 4:31).

So also God made water come from the rocks and manna from the heavens to feed Israel in the wilderness as He was doing to the church in the persecutions also.

Amos 9:9 For behold, I will command, and shake the house of Israel among all the nations as one shakes with a sieve, but no pebble shall fall to the earth.

Proverbs 26:26 Though malice disguises itself with deception, its evil will be exposed publicly. (ISV)

Luke 8:17 There is nothing hidden that will not be revealed, and there is nothing secret that will not become known and come to light.

31.17. O my dear son! Establish worship and enjoin kindness and forbid iniquity, and persevere whatever may befall thee. Lo! that is of the steadfast heart of things.

31.18. Turn not thy cheek in scorn toward folk, nor walk with pertness in the land. Lo! Allah loveth not each braggart boaster.

31.19. Be modest in thy bearing and subdue thy voice. Lo! the harshest of all voices is the voice of the ass.

So the elect as sons of God must carry themselves in humility and modesty and avoid the braying of fools.

1Thessalonians 5:15 See that no one repays anyone evil for evil, but always seek to do good to one another and to everyone.

Galatians 5:22-23 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, ²³gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law.

James 1:12 Blessed is the man who remains steadfast under trial, for when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life, which God has promised to those who love him.

James 4:6 But he gives more grace. Therefore it says, "God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble."

Matthew 23:12 Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.

2Timothy 2:22 So flee youthful passions and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace, along with those who call on the Lord from a pure heart.

31.20. See ye not how Allah hath made serviceable unto you whatsoever is in the skies and whatsoever is in the earth and hath loaded you with His favours both without and within? Yet of mankind is he who disputeth concerning Allah, without knowledge or guidance or a scripture giving light.

Genesis 1:26 Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth."

Psalm 103:2 Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits,

2Timothy 3:16-17 All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, ¹⁷that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.

31.21. And if it be said unto them: Follow that which Allah hath revealed, they say: Nay, but we follow that wherein we found our fathers. What! Even though the devil were inviting them unto the doom of flame?

Here the idolaters at Becca were persecuting them and trying to enforce the worship of Baal or Hubal and the Binitarian idolatry of Baal worship.

See also Deuteronomy 29:29 as at ayat 5 above.

Mark 7:9 And he said to them, "You have a fine way of rejecting the commandment of God in order to establish your tradition!

Romans 6:23 For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

31.22. Whosoever surrendereth his purpose to Allah while doing good, he verily hath grasped the firm hand-hold. Unto Allah belongeth the sequel of all things.

These are the comments of the Gospels and the faith of the elect under persecution.

Matthew 7:21 Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven, but the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven.

Romans 2:13 For it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law who will be justified.

Proverbs 16:4 The LORD made everything answerable to him, including the wicked at the time of trouble. (ISV)

31.23. And whosoever disbelieveth, let not his disbelief afflict thee (O Muhammad). Unto Us is their return, and We shall tell them what they did. Lo! Allah is Aware of what is in the breasts (of men).

31.24. We give them comfort for a little, and then We drive them to a heavy doom.

Disbelief is of no effect on the brethren as the return of sinners is to God, against whom only have they sinned (cf. 2Sam. 12:13; 1Kgs. 8:33; Ps. 51:4).

Hebrews 4:2 For good news came to us just as to them, but the message they heard did not benefit them, because they were not united by faith with those who listened.

Romans 10:17 So faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ.

Revelation 20:12 And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Then another book was opened, which is the book of life. And the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to what they had done.

Psalm 139:4 Even before a word is on my tongue, behold, O LORD, you know it altogether.

2Corinthians 4:18 as we look not to the things that are seen but to the things that are unseen. For the things that are seen are transient, but the things that are unseen are eternal.

James 4:14 yet you do not know what tomorrow will bring. What is your life? For you are a mist that appears for a little time and then vanishes.

31.25. If thou shouldst ask them: Who created the heavens and the earth? they would answer: Allah. Say: Praise be to Allah! But most of them know not.

31.26. Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth. Lo! Allah, He is the Absolute, the Owner of Praise.

Exodus 20:11 For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.

Isaiah 48:13 My hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens; when I call to them, they stand forth together.

Psalm 24:1 A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD's and the fullness thereof, the world and those who dwell therein,

Psalm 19:1 To the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork.

Psalm 9:1 To the choirmaster: according to Muth-labben. A Psalm of David. I will give thanks to the LORD with my whole heart; I will recount all of your wonderful deeds.

31.27. And if all the trees in the earth were pens, and the sea, with seven more seas to help it, (were ink), the words of Allah could not be exhausted. Lo! Allah is Mighty, Wise.

Isaiah 55:8-9 For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, declares the LORD. ⁹For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts.

Psalm 40:5 LORD, my God, You have done great things: marvelous works and your thoughts toward us. There is no one who compares to you! I will try to recite your actions, even though there are too many to number. (ISV)

Psalm 71:15 My mouth will tell of your righteous acts, of your deeds of salvation all the day, for their number is past my knowledge.

Ecclesiastes 12:12 My son, beware of anything beyond these. Of making many books there is no end, and much study is a weariness of the flesh.

1Timothy 1:17 To the King of the ages, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.

Jude 1:25 to the only God, our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority, before all time and now and forever. Amen.

31.28. Your creation and your raising (from the dead) are only as (the creation and the raising of) a single soul. Lo! Allah is Hearer, Knower.

So the creation and raising from the dead is the equivalent of the creation and raising of individuals, and is merely repetition in the acts of God and promised to all mankind as we are told.

1Thessalonians 4:14 For since we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so, through Jesus, God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep.

Daniel 12:2 And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.

Hebrews 4:13 And no creature is hidden from his sight, but all are naked and exposed to the eyes of him to whom we must give account.

31.29. Hast thou not seen how Allah causeth the night to pass into the day and causeth the day to pass into the night, and hath subdued the sun and the moon (to do their work), each running unto an appointed term; and that Allah is Informed of what ye do?

Genesis 1:5 God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, the first day.

Psalm 19:6 Its rising is from the end of the heavens, and its circuit to the end of them, and there is nothing hidden from its heat.

Psalm 104:19 He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows its time for setting.

Psalm 74:16 Yours is the day, yours also the night; you have established the heavenly lights and the sun.

31.30. That (is so) because Allah, He is the True, and that which they invoke beside Him is the False, and because Allah, He is the Sublime, the Great.

John 17:3 And this is eternal life, that they know you the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.

1John 5:20 And we know that the Son of God has come, and He has given to us an understanding that we may know the true One, and we are in the true One, in His Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God and the life everlasting. (LITV)

1Corinthians 8:5-6 For although there may be so-called gods in heaven or on earth—as indeed there are many "gods" and many "lords"— ⁶yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist.

Psalm 95:3 For the LORD is a great God, and a great King above all gods.

31.31. Hast thou not seen how the ships glide on the sea by Allah's grace, that He may show you of His wonders? Lo! therein indeed are portents for every steadfast, grateful (heart).

31.32. And if a wave enshroudeth them like awnings, they cry unto Allah, making their faith pure for Him only. But when He bringeth them safe to land, some of them compromise. None denieth Our signs save every traitor ingrate.

Only the traitors and ingrates deny the faith and the Scriptures as revealed to the world by His servants the prophets and the councils of the Churches of God who keep the law and the testimony (Rev. 12:17; 14:12).

Psalm 107:23-31 Some went down to the sea in ships, doing business on the great waters; ²⁴they saw the deeds of the LORD, his wondrous works in the deep. ²⁵For he commanded and raised the stormy wind, which lifted up the waves of the sea. ²⁶They mounted up to heaven; they went down to the depths; their courage melted away in their evil plight; ²⁷they reeled and staggered like drunken men and were at their wits' end. ²⁸Then they cried to the LORD in their trouble, and he delivered them from their distress. ²⁹He made the storm be still, and the waves of the sea were hushed. ³⁰Then they were glad that the waters were quiet, and he brought them to their desired haven. ³¹Let them thank the LORD for his steadfast love, for his wondrous works to the children of man!

Psalm 106:13 But they soon forgot his works; they did not wait for his counsel.

Ezekiel 16:43 Because you have not remembered the days of your youth, but have enraged me with all these things, therefore, behold, I have returned your deeds upon your head, declares the Lord GOD. Have you not committed lewdness in addition to all your abominations?

31.33. O mankind! Keep your duty to your Lord and fear a Day when the parent will not be able to avail the child in aught, nor the child to avail the parent. Lo! Allah's promise is the very truth. Let not the life of the world beguile you, nor let the deceiver beguile you, in regard to Allah.

31.34. Lo! Allah! With Him is knowledge of the Hour. He sendeth down the rain, and knoweth that which is in the wombs. No soul knoweth what it will earn to-morrow, and no soul knoweth in what land it will die. Lo! Allah is Knower, Aware.

Ecclesiastes 12:13-14 The end of the matter; all has been heard. Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. ¹⁴For God will bring every deed into judgment, with every secret thing, whether good or evil.

Deuteronomy 10:12 And now, Israel, what does the LORD your God require of you, but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul,

Proverbs 21:30 No wisdom, no understanding, no counsel can avail against the LORD.

Psalm 18:30 This God—his way is perfect; the word of the LORD proves true; he is a shield for all those who take refuge in him.

Isaiah 5:21 Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes, and shrewd in their own sight!

1Corinthians 3:18 Let no one deceive himself. If anyone among you thinks that he is wise in this age, let him become a fool that he may become wise.

2Thessalonians 2:3 Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not come, unless the rebellion comes first, and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction,

Ephesians 5:6 Let no one deceive you with empty words, for because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience.

1Peter 5:8 Be sober-minded; be watchful. Your adversary the devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour.

Mark 13:32 But concerning that day or that hour, no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father.

Job 5:10 he gives rain on the earth and sends waters on the fields;

Psalm 139:16 Your eyes saw my unformed substance; in your book were written, every one of them, the days that were formed for me, when as yet there was none of them.

Jeremiah 1:5 "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I consecrated you; I appointed you a prophet to the nations."

James 4:13-14 Come now, you who say, "Today or tomorrow we will go into such and such a town and spend a year there and trade and make a profit"— ¹⁴yet you do not know what tomorrow will bring. What is your life? For you are a mist that appears for a little time and then vanishes.

Proverbs 27:1 Do not boast about tomorrow, for you do not know what a day may bring.

Job 14:5 Since his days are determined, and the number of his months is with you, and you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass,

Daniel 2:22 he reveals deep and hidden things; he knows what is in the darkness, and the light dwells with him.

Job 28:24 For he looks to the ends of the earth and sees everything under the heavens.

Jeremiah 23:24 Can a man hide himself in secret places so that I cannot see him? declares the LORD. Do I not fill heaven and earth? declares the LORD.

Our responsibility is to obey the Lord God and keep His Commandments and His Calendar and His Sabbaths. Those that do not will die.

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